INTRODUCTION
You are already familiar with numerous conservation laws such as the laws
of conservation of mass, conservation of energy, and conservation of
momentum. Historically, the conservation laws are first applied to a fixed
quantity of matter called a closed system or just a system, and then extended
to regions in space called control volumes. The conservation relations are
also called balance equations since any conserved quantity must balance
during a process. We now give a brief description of the conservation of
mass, momentum, and energy relations.
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| Mr. Bernoulli |
of conservation of mass, conservation of energy, and conservation of
momentum. Historically, the conservation laws are first applied to a fixed
quantity of matter called a closed system or just a system, and then extended
to regions in space called control volumes. The conservation relations are
also called balance equations since any conserved quantity must balance
during a process. We now give a brief description of the conservation of
mass, momentum, and energy relations.
Fluid mechanics considerations are applied in many fields, especially in
engineering. Below a list is provided which clearly indicates the
far-reaching applications of fluid-mechanics knowledge and their
importance in various fields of engineering. Whereas it was usual in the
past to carry out special fluid mechanics considerations for each of
the areas listed below, today one strives increasingly at the
development and introduction of generalized approaches that are
applicable without restrictions to all of these fields. This makes it
necessary to derive the basic equations of fluid mechanics so generally
that they fulfill the requirements for the broadest applicability in
areas of science and engineering, i.e. in those areas indicated in the
list below. The objective of the derivations in this section is to
formulate the conservation laws for mass, momentum, energy, chemical
species, etc., in such a way that they can be applied to all the flow
problems that occur in the following areas:
- Heat exchanger, cooling and drying technology
- Reaction technology and reactor layout
- Aerodynamics of vehicles and aeroplanes
- Semiconductor-crystal production, thin-film technology, vapor-phase deposition processes
- Layout and optimization of pumps, valves and nozzles
- Use of flow equipment parts such as pipes and junctions
- Development of measuring instruments and production of sensors
- Ventilation, heating and air-conditioning techniques, layout and tests, laboratory vents
- Problem solutions for roof ventilation and flows around buildings
- Production of electronic components, micro-systems analysis engineering
- Layout of stirrer systems, propellers and turbines
- Sub-domains of biomedicine and medical engineering
- Layout of baking ovens, melting furnaces and other combustion units
- Development of engines, catalyzers and exhaust systems
- Combustion and explosion processes, energy generation, environmental engineering
- Sprays, atomizing and coating technologies
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